{"id":83,"date":"2024-07-04T14:00:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-04T12:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/?page_id=83"},"modified":"2026-03-26T16:30:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T15:30:30","slug":"wikichar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/","title":{"rendered":"WikiChar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:126px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-111 size-large\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-100307-1024x585.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-100307-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-100307-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-100307-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-100307.png 1306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#938877\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-f7591172cf4f02b7e598dd528a895db0\"><strong>Expand your Knowledge<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The WikiChar section is your comprehensive resource for understanding hydrothermal and vapothermal processes. Here you\u2019ll find scientifically accurate information, detailed technical descriptions, practical applications, and an extensive bibliography of peer-reviewed research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd2c <strong>Hydrothermal Processes Overview<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydrothermal processes use water at elevated temperature and pressure to convert biomass and organic waste into valuable products. These technologies offer sustainable solutions for waste management, renewable energy production, and carbon sequestration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><div class=\"table-responsive\"><table class=\"table  table-striped table-bordered table-hover\"  class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Process<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Temperature<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Main Product<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Key Application<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hydrothermal Carbonization (<strong>HTC<\/strong>)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">180-250 \u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Solid (hydrochar)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fuel, soil amendment, carbon storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hydrothermal Liquefaction (<strong>HTL<\/strong>)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">280-374 \u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Liquid (bio-crude)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Transportation fuels<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hydrothermal Gasification (<strong>HTG<\/strong>)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&gt;374 \u00b0C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Gas (syngas\/H<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hydrogen production<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Table<\/em>. <em>Quick processes comparison<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90b38ef645d183a5a1265f302bc17eca\">\ud83d\udcda <strong>Explore Our Resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ef6980e57102e48ac36ab88ae74b623b\">Navigate through the sidebar (or menu above) to access detailed information on each process, products, applications, and our comprehensive glossary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\ud83e\udded WikiChar Menu<\/summary>\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-background-color has-midnight-gradient-background has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-5916a461f40155024999a8cff28f4172 is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/\">Hydrothermal Processes (HTP)<\/a><\/summary>\n<p class=\"has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2616923f965f3c63db51aef488defd63\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-carbonization-htc\/\"><strong>Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-carbonization-htc\/co-hydrothermal-carbonization-co-htc\/\"><strong>Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization (Co-HTC)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-liquefaction\/\"><strong>Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-gasification-htg\/\"><strong>Hydrothermal Gasification (HTG)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-humification-hth\/\"><strong>Hydrothermal Humification (HTH)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-processes-htp\/hydrothermal-fulvification-htf\/\"><strong>Hydrothermal Fulvification (HTF)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-background-color has-midnight-gradient-background has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-f6a5ddb159202303e0fa2d2866950737 is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-products\/\">Hydrothermal Products<\/a><\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-products\/hydrochar\/\"><strong>Hydrochar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/hydrothermal-products\/process-water-liquor\/\"><strong>Process water\/Liquor<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-background-color has-midnight-gradient-background has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-69bf1e47ae5f98a9a819b372bcbd9a31 is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/applications\/\">Applications<\/a><\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wikichar\/applications\/hydrochar-in-composting\/\"><strong>Hydrochar in Composting<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68e6220f9c6d91e68f1c1219cc6abeda is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/regulatory-framework\/\">Regulatory Framework<\/a><\/summary>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-hydrochar-network wp-block-embed-hydrochar-network\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LrW5sMi4Te\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/regulatory-framework\/\">Regulatory Framework<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Regulatory Framework&#8221; &#8212; Hydrochar Network\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/regulatory-framework\/embed\/#?secret=qlw9ZhuEln#?secret=LrW5sMi4Te\" data-secret=\"LrW5sMi4Te\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e66d5aeb67042c0f130e7ddfb9cadcd\">\u2728<strong> Featured Content<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Process Details:&nbsp;<\/em>In-depth technical descriptions of HTC, HTL, HTG, HTH, and HTF processes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Product Characterization:<\/em>&nbsp;Properties and applications of hydrochar, process water, and gas products<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Practical Applications:&nbsp;<\/em>Real-world use cases in waste management, energy, agriculture, and industry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Technical Glossary:&nbsp;<\/em>Comprehensive definitions of key terms and concepts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Scientific Bibliography:&nbsp;<\/em>Curated collection of peer-reviewed research papers and reviews<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2c996b6124ae2dc8f535a55f9dc10d60\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>What You\u2019ll Find<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n            <div class=\"wp-block-icb-cards  align\" id='icbCards-ba516cb6-080c-45c6-abda-affffdae8c25' data-attributes='{&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;ba516cb6-080c-45c6-abda-affffdae8c25&quot;,&quot;cards&quot;:[{&quot;background&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;},&quot;img&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&lt;strong&gt;\\ud83d\\udd2c Process Technology&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&quot;,&quot;desc&quot;:&quot;Operating conditions, reaction mechanisms, equipment requirements, and process optimization strategies.&quot;,&quot;btnLabal&quot;:&quot;Button&quot;,&quot;btnUrl&quot;:&quot;#&quot;},{&quot;background&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;},&quot;img&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&lt;strong&gt;\\ud83d\\udcca Product Properties&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&quot;,&quot;desc&quot;:&quot;Physical and chemical characteristics, energy content, stability, and quality parameters of all products.&quot;,&quot;btnLabal&quot;:&quot;Button&quot;,&quot;btnUrl&quot;:&quot;#&quot;},{&quot;background&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;},&quot;img&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&lt;strong&gt;\\ud83c\\udf0d Environmental Impact&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&quot;,&quot;desc&quot;:&quot;Carbon sequestration potential, life cycle assessment, and sustainability considerations.&quot;,&quot;btnLabal&quot;:&quot;Button&quot;,&quot;btnUrl&quot;:&quot;#&quot;},{&quot;background&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;},&quot;img&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&lt;strong&gt;\\ud83d\\udcd6 Research Base&lt;\\\/strong&gt;&quot;,&quot;desc&quot;:&quot;Comprehensive bibliography with links to foundational papers, reviews, and recent studies.&quot;,&quot;btnLabal&quot;:&quot;Button&quot;,&quot;btnUrl&quot;:&quot;#&quot;}],&quot;columns&quot;:{&quot;desktop&quot;:4,&quot;tablet&quot;:2,&quot;mobile&quot;:1},&quot;className&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;theme&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;columnGap&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;rowGap&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;isImg&quot;:true,&quot;imgHeight&quot;:&quot;200px&quot;,&quot;imgPos&quot;:&quot;first&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#0000&quot;},&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;0x&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;},&quot;cardPadding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;},&quot;cardRadius&quot;:&quot;4px&quot;,&quot;cardShadow&quot;:[{&quot;hOffset&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;vOffset&quot;:&quot;.125rem&quot;,&quot;blur&quot;:&quot;.25rem&quot;,&quot;spreed&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;rgba(0,0,0,.075)&quot;}],&quot;contentAlign&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;contentPadding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;15px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;15px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;15px&quot;},&quot;titleTypo&quot;:{&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;20&quot;},&quot;descTypo&quot;:{&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16&quot;},&quot;btnTypo&quot;:{&quot;fontSize&quot;:15,&quot;textDecoration&quot;:&quot;none&quot;},&quot;btnAlign&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;btnColors&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;bg&quot;:&quot;hsl(214, 64%, 37%)&quot;},&quot;btnHovColors&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;bg&quot;:&quot;rgb(0, 102, 204)&quot;},&quot;btnPadding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;15px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;15px&quot;},&quot;btnRadius&quot;:&quot;4px&quot;}'><\/div>\n\n            \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6542ae58be397c7ae5bb5a63cca7f698\"><strong>\ud83d\ude80 Content Continuously Updated<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3e3889f9044728b5ad4f327c4aca76c\">We\u2019re actively expanding WikiChar with new content, case studies, and the latest research findings. Check back regularly for updates!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fb5c978b04d123bf83605be11b732a50\">Have questions or suggestions?&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/contacts-us\/\"><strong>Contact us<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;or follow our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hydrochar-network\"><strong>LinkedIn<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;for the latest updates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-contrast-color has-text-color is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-84c28ab9 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"min-height:40vh;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><div style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\" class=\"aligncenter wp-block-site-logo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/\" class=\"custom-logo-link\" rel=\"home\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"272\" height=\"103\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-scaled.png\" class=\"custom-logo\" alt=\"Hydrochar Network\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-1024x389.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-1536x583.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/files\/2025\/11\/logoTEXT_new-2048x777.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">Follow us:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links has-normal-icon-size is-style-logos-only is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-65900438 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/hydrochar-network\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ba1238313e84d32e61af7a13624464d4\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The WikiChar section is your comprehensive resource for understanding hydrothermal and vapothermal processes. Here you\u2019ll find scientifically accurate information, detailed technical descriptions, practical applications, and an extensive bibliography of peer-reviewed research. \ud83d\udd2c Hydrothermal Processes Overview Hydrothermal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3514,"featured_media":111,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-83","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83"}],"version-history":[{"count":63,"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1603,"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83\/revisions\/1603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.unica.it\/hydrochar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}